C. The application has been identified as web-browsing.
D. The session did not go through SSL decryption processing.

Explanation:
Analyzing the session details from the show session id 380280 output:

C. The application has been identified as web-browsing.
The output explicitly states: application : web-browsing. This confirms that App-ID successfully classified the traffic.

D. The session did not go through SSL decryption processing.
The output shows: session proxied : True. This indicates the session was processed by the firewall's proxy (e.g., for security profiles like Threat Prevention, URL Filtering).
However, there is no mention of decryption (e.g., no decrypted flag or SSL-specific fields). Crucially, the source and destination IPs in the s2c flow are different from the c2s flow, and NAT is applied (address/port translation : source), but this is unrelated to decryption.
If SSL decryption had occurred, the output would typically show details like the decryption policy, certificate information, or a decrypted marker. Its absence indicates the traffic was not decrypted.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. The session went through SSL decryption processing.:
There is no evidence of decryption in the output. The proxied flag refers to L7 processing (e.g., security profiles), not specifically to decryption.
B. The session has ended with the end-reason unknown.:
The output shows state : ACTIVE and time to live : 2 sec, meaning the session is still active and has not ended. The end-reason field is only relevant after a session closes.

Reference:
PAN-OS session diagnostics: The show session id command provides detailed session attributes. The absence of decryption-related fields (e.g., decryption policy, ssl-decrypt) indicates no decryption occurred (PAN-OS CLI Reference Guide). The application field confirms App-ID results.

A. show routing protocol bgp summary

Explanation:
The show routing protocol bgp summary command is the most useful and common command for quickly checking the BGP status and identifying potential peering issues.

show routing protocol bgp summary:
This command provides a high-level overview of all BGP peerings configured on the virtual router. It shows the peer's IP address, its configured state, its operational state (e.g., Active, Idle, Established), the number of messages exchanged, and the number of prefixes received and advertised. The output of this command is the first place an engineer would look to confirm if the BGP session is "Established." If the state is anything other than "Established," it indicates a peering problem.

Why the Other Options are Less Suitable
B. show routing protocol bgp rib-out:
This command shows the BGP Routing Information Base (RIB) that is being advertised to a specific peer. It is used to troubleshoot issues with what routes are being sent out, not the state of the BGP peering itself. You would use this command after you've confirmed that the BGP peering is established.
C. show routing protocol bgp state:
This command is not a valid or standard command in the PAN-OS CLI for BGP. While other networking vendors might use a similar command, it doesn't exist in the PAN-OS BGP command set.
D. show routing protocol bgp peer:
This command provides detailed information about a specific BGP peer, including its configuration and statistics. While it's very useful for deep-dive troubleshooting, the show routing protocol bgp summary command is the most efficient first step to get a quick overview of all peerings and their current state. The summary command is the go-to for checking the BGP state from a high level.

B. ECDHE
D. DHE

Explanation:
The resource consumption during SSL/TLS decryption is primarily driven by the key exchange process. The firewall, acting as a SSL Forward Proxy, must perform the cryptographic computations for both the client and server sides of the connection.

The key differentiator is whether the key exchange uses Ephemeral keys. Ephemeral key exchange methods generate a temporary, unique key for each session, which provides Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS). This enhanced security comes at the cost of significantly higher computational overhead.

D. DHE (Diffie-Hellman Ephemeral):
This is the classic ephemeral key exchange algorithm. It is very computationally intensive for both the client and the server (in this case, the firewall performing decryption) because it involves complex modular exponentiation calculations for every single new session.

B. ECDHE (Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman Ephemeral):
This is the elliptic curve variant of DHE. While ECDHE is more efficient than DHE for the same level of security (it uses smaller key sizes), it is still significantly more resource-intensive than non-ephemeral methods like RSA. The elliptic curve operations, though efficient, must still be performed for every new session, leading to high CPU consumption on the firewall when decrypting a large volume of connections.

Why the other options are incorrect:
A. ECDSA (Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm):
This is used for authentication (proving the server's identity), not for key exchange. While it does use CPU cycles, its impact is minor compared to the ongoing overhead of ephemeral key exchange algorithms. The question specifically asks about the key exchange process.

C. RSA:
In a key exchange context, RSA is a non-ephemeral method. The server's static RSA private key is used to encrypt the pre-master secret. This operation is computationally expensive, but it is only performed once per session during the handshake and is generally less CPU-intensive than the sustained calculations required by DHE and ECDHE, especially at scale. Modern firewalls often have hardware acceleration for RSA operations.

Reference:
Palo Alto Networks documentation and whitepapers on decryption performance consistently highlight that enabling Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS), which uses ephemeral key exchanges like DHE and ECDHE, will increase the firewall's CPU utilization and reduce the maximum decryption throughput compared to using non-ephemeral methods like RSA key exchange.

D. test routing fib-lookup ip 10.2.5.3 virtual-router default

Explanation:

Why This Command?
1.Purpose:
The command test routing fib-lookup checks the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) to determine the egress interface for a specific IP.
It simulates how the firewall will route the packet.

Syntax:
test routing fib-lookup ip virtual-router

Example:
test routing fib-lookup ip 10.2.5.3 virtual-router default

Why Not Other Options?
A.Invalid syntax (missing virtual-router parameter).
B.test routing route is for checking route table, not FIB.
C.Uses a subnet (10.2.5.0/24) instead of the specific IP (10.2.5.3).

Key Difference:
FIB is the optimized forwarding table derived from the routing table.
fib-lookup gives the actual egress interface, while route shows route table matches.

Reference:
Palo Alto CLI Reference:
"Use test routing fib-lookup to determine the egress interface for a destination IP."

A. Monitor > Logs > System

Explanation:
When troubleshooting an unreliable High Availability (HA) link on a Palo Alto Networks firewall, the most accurate way to determine when the interface went down is by reviewing the System logs. These logs capture all system-level events, including HA state transitions, link failures, and interface status changes with precise timestamps.

To access this:
Go to Monitor > Logs > System
Apply filters such as eventid contains ha or description contains link down to isolate relevant entries
System logs provide detailed information about the exact time and nature of the HA link failure, which is essential for root cause analysis and correlating with other network events.

❌ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
B. Device > High Availability > Active/Passive Settings This section is used to configure HA behavior (e.g., link monitoring, failover conditions), but it does not show historical events or timestamps of interface failures.
C. Monitor > Logs > Traffic Traffic logs record session-level data such as source/destination IPs, applications, and bytes transferred. They do not log interface status changes or HA link failures.
D. Dashboard > Widgets > High Availability The HA widget displays the current HA status (e.g., active/passive, sync status), but it does not retain historical data or show when an interface went down.

🔗 Valid References:
Palo Alto Networks TechDocs: Monitor System Logs
Palo Alto Networks Knowledge Base: How to Troubleshoot HA Link Failures
ITExamSolutions PCNSE Practice: HA Link Troubleshooting

A. Powershell scripts
C. MS Office
E. ELF

Explanation:
WildFire Inline Machine Learning (ML) is a feature in Palo Alto Networks firewalls that enables real-time analysis and prevention of malicious files directly on the firewall’s dataplane using machine learning models. It dynamically evaluates specific file types to detect and block threats without requiring cloud analysis. The question focuses on identifying the file types supported by WildFire Inline ML for analysis, which is critical for the PCNSE exam. Below is a concise explanation of why these three options are correct, why the others are incorrect, and relevant technical details, adhering to a 500-word limit.

Correct Answers
A. PowerShell scripts:
WildFire Inline ML supports analysis of PowerShell scripts (.ps1) using dedicated classification engines (e.g., PowerShell Scripts 1 and PowerShell Scripts 2). These engines evaluate script content in real-time to detect malicious behavior, such as obfuscated code or command execution patterns, enabling the firewall to block threats like script-based malware. Example: A malicious PowerShell script attempting to download a payload is blocked inline.
C. MS Office:
WildFire Inline ML analyzes MS Office files (e.g., DOC, DOCX, XLS, XLSX, PPT, PPTX) and Office Open XML (OOXML) files. The ML models inspect file structures and macros to identify malicious content, such as embedded exploits or phishing payloads, in real-time. Example: A Word document with a malicious macro is dropped before execution.
E. ELF:
Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) files, commonly used in Linux systems, are supported by WildFire Inline ML starting with PAN-OS content release 8367 and later. The ML engine evaluates ELF file details, such as decoder fields and patterns, to detect malicious Linux binaries in real-time. Example: A malicious ELF binary targeting Linux servers is blocked inline.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect
B. VBscripts:
While WildFire cloud analysis supports VBScript (.vbs) files, WildFire Inline ML does not currently include a specific VBScript analysis engine. Inline ML focuses on PowerShell scripts, MS Office, ELF, and other select file types, making VBScript incorrect.
D. APK:
Android Application Package (APK) files are supported by WildFire cloud analysis for Android malware detection, but WildFire Inline ML does not currently include an APK-specific analysis engine. Inline ML prioritizes file types like PowerShell, MS Office, and ELF.

Technical Details
Configuration:
Enable WildFire Inline ML in an Antivirus Profile under Objects > Security Profiles > Antivirus WildFire Inline ML.
Select enable for models (e.g., PowerShell Scripts, MSOffice, ELF) and set actions (e.g., drop, alert).
CLI:
set profiles antivirus wildfire-ml enable.
Requirements:
Requires an active WildFire subscription and PAN-OS content release 8367+ for ELF support.
Monitoring:
Check threat logs (Monitor > Logs > Threat) for ml-virus entries to verify Inline ML detections.
False Positives:
Add file hash exceptions under Antivirus Profile > WildFire Inline ML > File Exceptions to exclude benign files.

PCNSE Relevance
The PCNSE exam tests your knowledge of advanced threat prevention features, including WildFire Inline ML. Understanding supported file types ensures correct configuration of Antivirus Profiles for real-time threat detection.

References
Palo Alto Networks Documentation (WildFire What’s New Guide):
Confirms ELF support for WildFire Inline ML.
Palo Alto Networks Documentation (Enable Advanced WildFire Inline ML):
Details PowerShell script support.
Palo Alto Networks Documentation (Advanced WildFire Inline ML):
Lists MS Office, ELF, and PowerShell as supported file types.
Exam4Training (PCNSE Question):
Clarifies APK and VBScript are not supported by Inline ML. Quizlet (PCNSE Flashcards):
Confirms MS Office support for Inline ML.

D. Pre-NAT source address

Explanation:
Quality of Service (QoS) policies on Palo Alto Networks firewalls are applied to traffic before Network Address Translation (NAT) occurs. This is because QoS decisions, such as prioritizing or limiting bandwidth, are based on the original characteristics of the traffic to ensure consistent policy application regardless of NAT changes.

Pre-NAT source address:
This refers to the original source IP address of the packet before any NAT rules alter it. Specifying this in a QoS policy rule allows the administrator to apply QoS based on the true origin of the traffic (e.g., prioritizing traffic from a specific internal department or user).

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Post-NAT destination address & B. Pre-NAT destination address:
QoS policies can use destination addresses, but the question specifically asks for applying QoS based on source. While destination is possible, it does not meet the requirement.
C. Post-NAT source address:
This is the source IP after NAT has been applied. Using this would be ineffective for QoS based on the original source, as NAT may obscure the true origin (e.g., masking multiple internal IPs behind a single public IP).

Reference:
PAN-OS QoS policy processing occurs after security policies but before NAT (PAN-OS Administrator’s Guide, "Quality of Service" section). Therefore, rules must use pre-NAT addresses to accurately identify traffic sources. This ensures QoS policies are applied consistently to the original traffic flows.